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What is RTD and its working principal

 What is RTD and its working principal:-



RTD stands for Resistance Temperature Detector. It is a type of temperature sensor that measures temperature by sensing changes in electrical resistance.It works on positive temperature co-efficient.

The working principle of an RTD is based on the fact that the electrical resistance of metals changes with temperature. An RTD typically consists of a length of fine wire made from a platinum, nickel or copper alloy. As the temperature of the wire changes, so does its electrical resistance. This change in resistance can be measured and correlated to temperature using a calibration curve.

RTDs are very accurate and stable over a wide temperature range, making them popular in a variety of applications, including industrial and scientific measurements. They are often used in applications where precise temperature control is necessary, such as in laboratory and industrial heating systems, as well as in temperature measurement and control systems in the automotive, aerospace, and process industries.


RTDs are commonly used in industrial and scientific applications where precise and accurate temperature measurement is critical.

There are three main types of RTDs based on the material used for the resistance element:

  1. Platinum RTD: This is the most common type of RTD and uses platinum as the resistance element. Platinum RTDs offer excellent accuracy, stability, and repeatability over a wide range of temperatures.

  2. Nickel RTD: This type of RTD uses nickel as the resistance element. Nickel RTDs are less expensive than platinum RTDs, but they are less accurate and have a smaller temperature range.

  3. Copper RTD: This type of RTD uses copper as the resistance element. Copper RTDs are the least expensive type of RTD, but they have the lowest accuracy and the narrowest temperature range. Copper RTDs are typically used for lower-precision applications where cost is a significant factor.


what is PT100 RTD:-

PT100 is a type of Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) sensor. It is one of the most common types of RTDs used for temperature measurement in industrial and scientific applications. The "PT" in PT100 stands for platinum, which is the material used for the RTD element.

The "100" in PT100 refers to the resistance of the RTD at 0°C. Specifically, a PT100 sensor has a resistance of 100 ohms at 0°C. As the temperature changes, the resistance of the PT100 also changes, and this change in resistance is used to determine the temperature.

PT100 RTDs are known for their accuracy, stability, and reliability, and they are commonly used in applications where precise temperature measurement is required, such as in laboratory research, industrial process control, and environmental monitoring. They can measure temperatures from -200°C to 850°C, and are available in various configurations such as single-element, dual-element, and triple-element sensors.

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